Increasing the oscillation frequency of strong magnetic fields above 101 kHz significantly raises peripheral nerve excitation thresholds.

Medical Physics
Irving N WeinbergJ Patrick Reilly

Abstract

A time-varying magnetic field can cause unpleasant peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) when the maximum excursion of the magnetic field (ΔB) is above a frequency-dependent threshold level [P. Mansfield and P. R. Harvey, Magn. Reson. Med. 29, 746-758 (1993)]. Clinical and research magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) gradient systems have been designed to avoid such bioeffects by adhering to regulations and guidelines established on the basis of clinical trials. Those trials, generally employing sinusoidal waveforms, tested human responses to magnetic fields at frequencies between 0.5 and 10 kHz [W. Irnich and F. Schmitt, Magn. Reson. Med. 33, 619-623 (1995), T. F. Budinger et al., J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 15, 909-914 (1991), and D. J. Schaefer et al., J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 12, 20-29 (2000)]. PNS thresholds for frequencies higher than 10 kHz had been extrapolated, using physiological models [J. P. Reilly et al., IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. BME-32(12), 1001-1011 (1985)]. The present study provides experimental data on human PNS thresholds to oscillating magnetic field stimulation from 2 to 183 kHz. Sinusoidal waveforms were employed for several reasons: (1) to facilitate comparison with earlier reports that used sine waves, (2) becau...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 12, 2014·Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering·B ShapiroD A Depireux
May 8, 2013·IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging·Emine U SaritasSteven M Conolly
Nov 8, 2014·Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology·Benjamin ShapiroIrving N Weinberg
Jul 2, 2015·Medical Physics·Emine U SaritasSteven M Conolly
Jan 12, 2013·Journal of Magnetic Resonance·Emine U SaritasSteven M Conolly
Jul 28, 2018·Integrative Biology : Quantitative Biosciences From Nano to Macro·Atsushi SaitoSatoshi Nakasono
Sep 13, 2013·Biomedizinische Technik. Biomedical Engineering·Jörn BorgertJürgen Rahmer
Mar 5, 2016·Abdominal Radiology·Steffen Sammet
Sep 24, 2019·Biomaterials·Jinbing XieXiaoyuan Chen
Jun 20, 2021·Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews·Lingxiao ZhangFangyuan Li
Dec 24, 2019·ACS Nano·Zijian ZhouXiaoyuan Chen
Sep 22, 2021·Magnetic Resonance in Medicine : Official Journal of the Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine·Edwin VersteegJeroen C W Siero

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