Indirect somatic embryogenesis of Theobroma cacao L in liquid medium and improvement of embryo-to-plantlet conversion rate

In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology. Plant : Journal of the Tissue Culture Association
Caroline GuillouJean-Paul Ducos

Abstract

The establishment of cocoa embryogenic cell lines in liquid medium starting from high frequency somatic embryogenesis (HFSE) callus is described. The growth kinetics of the cultures during the multiplication and the expression steps conducted in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks were described for three genotypes selected for their agronomical traits (EET95, EET96, and EET103). The glucose and dissolved oxygen concentrations and the absorption of Murashige and Skoog medium macronutrients (nitrate, ammonium, potassium, sulfate, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium) were monitored. The multiplication of the embryogenic calluses in a medium containing 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) at 1 mg L-1, initiated with an inoculation density of 20 g L-1 of callus, was achieved. The growth rate was characterized by two phases, with the second being concomitant with a depletion of phosphorus and magnesium, and a decrease in the embryogenic potential of the callus. The expression of the callus embryogenic capacity was conducted in an auxin-free medium. The embryo production starting from 1 and 5 g L-1 inoculation densities was compared. When placed in the optimal expression conditions in flasks, 1 g of callus produced 1000 to 1500 embryos wi...Continue Reading

References

Mar 1, 1989·Plant Physiology·J A BuchheimJ P Ranch
Oct 1, 1994·Biotechnology and Bioengineering·J ArchambaultC Chavarie
Apr 22, 2010·The New Phytologist·Carlos M Rodríguez LópezMichael J Wilkinson
Aug 3, 2011·Journal of Plant Physiology·Belén Márquez-MartínCarolina Sánchez-Romero
Apr 19, 2015·Journal of Plant Physiology·Nicolas NiemenakMark J Guiltinan

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