Individual differences in working memory, secondary memory, and fluid intelligence: evidence from the levels-of-processing span task

Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology = Revue Canadienne De Psychologie Expérimentale
Nathan S Rose

Abstract

Individual differences in working memory (WM) are related to performance on secondary memory (SM), and fluid intelligence (gF) tests. However, the source of the relation remains unclear, in part because few studies have controlled for the nature of encoding; therefore, it is unclear whether individual variation is due to encoding, maintenance, or retrieval processes. In the current study, participants performed a WM task (the levels-of-processing span task; Rose, Myerson, Roediger III, & Hale, 2010) and a SM test that tested for both targets and the distracting processing words from the initial WM task. Deeper levels of processing at encoding did not benefit WM, but did benefit subsequent SM, although the amount of benefit was smaller for those with lower WM spans. This result suggests that, despite encoding cues that facilitate retrieval from SM, low spans may have engaged in shallower, maintenance-focused processing to maintain the words in WM. Low spans also recalled fewer targets, more distractors, and more extralist intrusions than high spans, although this was partially due to low spans' poorer recall of targets, which resulted in a greater number of opportunities to commit recall errors. Delayed recall of intrusions and ...Continue Reading

Citations

Jun 1, 2016·Frontiers in Psychology·Mónica López-VicenteJordi Sunyer
Nov 14, 2013·PloS One·Jan Zirk-SadowskiJoni Holmes
Jun 22, 2015·Journal of Experimental Child Psychology·Lisa M D ArchibaldThomas Olino
Nov 30, 2013·Journal of Experimental Child Psychology·Stephen DarlingRichard J Allen
May 21, 2014·PharmacoEconomics·Erika WissingerChris L Pashos
Apr 19, 2015·BMC Bioinformatics·Nhung T H NguyenSatoshi Tojo
Jun 18, 2015·Psychonomic Bulletin & Review·Michael R DoughertyJoe W Tidwell
May 15, 2018·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·Marlène Abadie, Valérie Camos

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