Individual patient data meta-analysis of the smoking prevalence in mazandaran province of iran

Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal
Mahmood MoosazadehMahdi Afshari

Abstract

Smoking is regarded as one of the main risk factors and additive to the global burden of diseases in the World. This individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis aimed to estimate the smoking prevalence in Mazandaran province of Iran. This study was an IPD meta-analysis. The study data were part of the STEPS Study in Mazandaran province (northern Iran), conducted annually from 2005 to 2009. Sample size was 7759 subjects. Sampling method was census. Data entry was in Epi6 software and the analyses were with stata 11 software. Mean (standard error) age of starting to smoke was 20.21 (0.6) years and females had started smoking 4 years later (P = 0.01). During the study, men smoked cigarettes more than women (total prevalence: 23.2%; 95% CI: 22.5-23.9 vs. 0.9%; 95% CI: 0.7-1.1 respectively). The pooled prevalence of the current smoking was estimated about 12.08 % (95% CI: 11.40-12.81). Present study showed that the prevalence of Smoking in men is very high in this region of Iran. Therefore to prevent the problem it is necessary that educational and research centres and health providers make suitable policies and strategies .

References

Mar 1, 2002·Evaluation & the Health Professions·Lesley A Stewart, Jayne F Tierney
Apr 15, 2004·European Journal of Public Health·Nizal Sarraf-ZadeganFatemah Tafazoli
Jun 24, 2004·BMJ : British Medical Journal·Richard DollIsabelle Sutherland
Mar 3, 2005·BMJ : British Medical Journal·Konrad Jamrozik
Jul 20, 2005·Circulation·Majid EzzatiAlan D Lopez
Nov 30, 2006·PLoS Medicine·Colin D Mathers, Dejan Loncar
Jan 1, 2010·The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy·Padmaja Ayyagari, Jody L Sindelar

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jun 17, 2020·Archives of Iranian Medicine·Mehdi VarmaghaniFarshad Farzadfar

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research : JCDR
Direkvand-Moghadam AKaikhavandi Sattar
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention : APJCP
Kourosh Holakouie NaieniBahareh Yazdizadeh
Journal of American College Health : J of ACH
S A EverettL Crossett
© 2021 Meta ULC. All rights reserved