Induction of apoptotic cell death in hen granulosa cells by ceramide

Endocrinology
J P WittyA L Johnson

Abstract

Recent studies have demonstrated that ovarian follicle atresia occurs extensively before follicle selection into the avian preovulatory hierarchy, and that this process is mediated via granulosa cell apoptosis. Subsequent to follicle selection, granulosa cells are inherently resistant to apoptosis, and such resistance is correlated with increased expression of death suppressor genes such as bcl-xlong. In the present studies we used this avian ovary model system to 1) identify cellular characteristics and mechanisms related to apoptotic cell death of granulosa cells in vitro, and 2) further characterize functional differences between apoptosis-susceptible (4- to 8-mm follicle) and apoptosis-resistant (preovulatory follicle) granulosa cells. Treatment of granulosa cells from the largest preovulatory follicle with N-octanoylsphingosine (C8-ceramide) results in pronounced oligonucleosome formation, a hallmark of apoptosis. That this is indicative of programmed cell death is supported by an increased incidence of pyknotic nuclei and apoptotic bodies in C8-ceramide-treated samples compared to that in control cultured cells. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, a stimulator of ceramide production, actively promotes oligonucleosome formation i...Continue Reading

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Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a specific process that leads to programmed cell death through the activation of an evolutionary conserved intracellular pathway leading to pathognomic cellular changes distinct from cellular necrosis