Induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid in macrophages

FEBS Letters
Hye Gwang Jeong, Ji Young Kim

Abstract

Glycyrrhizin (GL), a triterpenoid saponin fraction of licorice, is reported to have anti-viral and anti-tumor activities and is metabolized to 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) in the intestine by intestinal bacteria. However, the mechanism underlying its effects is poorly understood. To further elucidate the mechanism of GA, the aglycone of GL, we investigated the effects of GA on the release of nitric oxide (NO) and at the level of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) gene expression in mouse macrophages. We found that GA elicited a dose-dependent increase in NO production and in the level of iNOS mRNA. Since iNOS transcription has been shown to be under the control of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), the effects of GA on NF-kappaB activation were examined. Transient expression assays with NF-kappaB binding sites linked to the luciferase gene revealed that the increased level of iNOS mRNA, induced by GA, was mediated by the NF-kappaB transcription factor complex. By using DNA fragments containing the NF-kappaB binding sequence, GA was shown to activate the protein/DNA binding of NF-kappaB to its cognate site, as measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. These results demonstrate that GA stimulates NO ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 3, 2006·Natural Product Reports·Petr DzubakJan Sarek
Nov 17, 2004·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Luni ChenChen G Wang
May 24, 2012·Virology Journal·Michele E HardyNicholas R Faunce
May 26, 2005·Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry·Ji Yeon KimJae-Ha Ryu
Oct 20, 2009·Phytochemistry·Galal T MaatooqJohn P Rosazza
Mar 29, 2016·Immunological Investigations·Salimeh EbrahimnezhadMohammad Hossein Karimi
Apr 10, 2003·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications·Ho Jin YouHye Gwang Jeong
Sep 23, 2011·Pharmaceutical Biology·Girija KuttanRamadasan Kuttan
Mar 3, 2005·Antiviral Chemistry & Chemotherapy·Shiro Shigeta, Toshihiro Yamase
May 1, 2008·Phytotherapy Research : PTR·Marjan Nassiri Asl, Hossein Hosseinzadeh
Sep 10, 2020·Phytotherapy Research : PTR·Julian ChrzanowskiWojciech Graboń
Nov 13, 2020·Frontiers in Plant Science·Anamika PandeySait Gezgin
Jul 27, 2021·Frontiers in Pharmacology·Zhong SunChenglong Xiong

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