Infections of the lung: a predictive, preventive and personalized perspective through the lens of evolution, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and its pathogenesis

The EPMA Journal
Pankaj AhluwaliaRavindra Kolhe

Abstract

The long evolutionary battle between humans and pathogens has played an important role in shaping the current network of host-pathogen interactions. Each organ brings new challenges from the perspective of a pathogen to establish a suitable niche for survival while subverting the protective mechanisms of the host. Lungs, the organ for oxygen exchange, have been an easy target for pathogens due to its accessibility. The organ has evolved diverse capabilities to provide the flexibility required for an organism's health and at the same time maintain protective functionality to prevent and resolve assault by pathogens. The pathogenic invasions are strongly challenged by healthy lung architecture which includes the presence and activity of the epithelium, mucous, antimicrobial proteins, surfactants, and immune cells. Competitively, the pathogens in the form of viruses, bacteria, and fungi have evolved an arsenal of strategies that can over-ride the host's protective mechanisms. While bacteria such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) can survive in dormant form for years before getting active in humans, novel pathogens can wreak havoc as they pose a high risk of morbidity and mortality in a very short duration of time. Re...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 31, 2020·Vaccines·Shilu MathewHadi M Yassine
May 1, 2021·Journal of Clinical Medicine·Łukasz GutowskiDorota Formanowicz
May 29, 2021·Frontiers in Immunology·Pankaj AhluwaliaRavindra Kolhe

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
glycosylation
interaction studies

Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT04306705
NCT04322773
NCT04315298
NCT04343989
NCT04348500
NCT04347993
NCT04320615

Software Mentioned

COVACTA

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