Infective endocarditis after body art: a review of the literature and concerns

The Journal of Adolescent Health : Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine
Myrna L ArmstrongF Cetta

Abstract

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a rare but dangerous complication of tattooing and body piercing in adolescents and young adults 15-30 years of age, with and without congenital heart disease (CHD). Because body art, including tattooing and piercing, is increasing and IE cases continue to be reported in the literature, a longitudinal assessment of IE and body art cases is important to examine for trends. A 22-year (1985-2007) longitudinal electronic Medline and Scopus review of all published cases of IE and body art was conducted. In all, 22 specific cases of IE spanning 1991-2007 have been reported that were associated with piercing the tongue (seven), ear lobes (six), navel (five), lip (one), nose (one), and nipple (one), and reported in one heavily tattooed person; other general IE cases have also been mentioned. Twelve cases were in females, and one patient died; nine of these individuals had CHD. Twenty-one cases have been published in the 10 years from 1997-2007. Although there is no denominator to assess the real risk, this review provides more evidence of IE and body art concerns, and should stimulate further discussion regarding IE antibiotic prophylaxis. It is believed that IE is triggered by normal flora at the body ar...Continue Reading

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