Infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma: what radiologists need to know

Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc
Arich R ReynoldsMitchell E Tublin

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. The macroscopic growth pattern of HCC is subdivided into three categories: nodular, massive, and infiltrative. Infiltrative HCC accounts for 7%-20% of HCC cases and is confirmed at pathologic analysis on the basis of the spread of minute tumor nodules throughout large regions of the liver. Infiltrative HCC may represent a diagnostic challenge because it is often difficult to distinguish from background changes in cirrhosis at imaging. Infiltrative HCC usually spreads over multiple hepatic segments, occupying an entire hepatic lobe or the entire liver, and it is frequently associated with portal vein tumor thrombosis. The tumor is usually ill defined at ultrasonography and shows minimal and inconsistent arterial enhancement and heterogeneous washout at contrast material-enhanced computed tomography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The tumor may be more visible among the surrounding liver parenchyma at diffusion-, T1-, and T2-weighted MR imaging. Several liver diseases can mimic the infiltrative appearance of this malignancy, including focal confluent fibrosis, hepatic fat deposition, hepatic microabscesses, intrahepatic cholangioca...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 5, 2016·Abdominal Radiology·Akshay D BahetiPuneet Bhargava
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Oct 2, 2021·Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc·Kathryn J FowlerVictoria Chernyak

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