Inflammation in Neurological Disorders: The Thin Boundary Between Brain and Periphery.

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
Carlo CervellatiGiuseppe Valacchi

Abstract

Significance: Accumulating evidence suggests that inflammation is a major contributor in the pathogenesis of several highly prevalent, but also rare, neurological diseases. In particular, the neurodegenerative processes of Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VAD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and multiple sclerosis (MS) are fueled by neuroinflammation, which, in turn, is accompanied by a parallel systemic immune dysregulation. This cross-talk between periphery and the brain becomes substantial when the blood-brain barrier loses its integrity, as often occurs in the course of these diseases. It has been hypothesized that the perpetual bidirectional flux of inflammatory mediators is not a mere "static" collateral effect of the neurodegeneration, but represents a proactive phenomenon sparking and driving the neuropathological processes. However, the upstream/downstream relationship between inflammatory events and neurological pathology is still unclear. Recent Advances: Solid recent evidence clearly suggests that metabolic factors, systemic infections, Microbiota dysbiosis, and oxidative stress are implicated, although to a different extent, in the development in brain diseases. Critical Issues: Here, we reviewed the most so...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 28, 2020·Journal of Neurology·Tommaso SchirinziClaudio Liguori
Feb 23, 2021·Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD·Yang-Yang WangZhi-You Cai
May 28, 2021·Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases : NMCD·Marco ZuinGiovanni Zuliani
Jul 3, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Enrico PracucciSilvia Landi
Jun 21, 2021·Journal of the Neurological Sciences·Tommaso RomagnoliGloria Brombo

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