Influence of Age of Apple Flowers on Growth of Erwinia amylovora and Biological Control Agents

Plant Disease
S V Thomson, S C Gouk

Abstract

The influence of flower age on growth of Erwinia amylovora, the causal pathogen of fire blight of apples and pears, was investigated under humid and arid conditions in Hamilton, New Zealand (NZ), and Logan, UT, USA, respectively. 'Royal Gala' apple flowers ranging from 1 to 8 days old were atomized with E. amylovora. Pistils were dissected and washed separately from the remaining floral parts (flowers ex pistils) for estimation of bacterial numbers. Pistils, 1 to 3 days old (USA) and 1 to 4 days old (NZ), supported exponential growth of E. amylovora, but bacterial populations did not increase when older flowers were inoculated. Scanning electron microscopy showed round and turgid papillae on stigmas of 1-day-old flowers. Papillae on 4- to 6-day-old stigmas were completely collapsed and covered in mucilage. Populations of E. amy-lovora on the flowers ex pistils were characteristically lower than pistil populations. High populations of saprophytic bacteria were found on both floral parts of all ages, but there was no difference in their numbers on 3- to 6-day-old pistils. This suggests their presence did not inhibit the growth of E. amylovora on older stigmas. The results demonstrate that stigmas on 1- to 3-day-old flowers often ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 31, 2009·Annals of Botany·Diane L MarshallMarieken G M Shaner
Oct 24, 2008·Phytopathology·Virginia O Stockwell, James P Stack
Aug 24, 2019·The New Phytologist·María Rebolleda-GómezTia-Lynn Ashman
Jan 22, 2011·FEMS Microbiology Reviews·Geetanchaly Nadarasah, John Stavrinides
May 5, 2021·Annual Review of Phytopathology·Roshni R KharadiGeorge W Sundin

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