Influence of Exposure to Single versus Multiple Toxins of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis on Development of Resistance in the Mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae).

Applied and Environmental Microbiology
G P Georghiou, Margaret C Wirth

Abstract

The impending widespread use of transgenic crop plants encoding a single insecticidal toxin protein of Bacillus thuringiensis has focused attention on the perceived risk of rapid selection of resistance in target insects. We have used Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis toxins as a model system and determined the speed and magnitude of evolution of resistance in colonies of the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus during selection for 28 consecutive generations with single or multiple toxins. The parental strain was synthesized by combining approximately 500 larvae from each of 19 field collections obtained from the states of California, Oregon, Louisiana, and Tennessee. At least 10,000 larvae were selected in each generation of each line at an average mortality level of 84%. The susceptibilities of the parental and selected lines were compared in parallel tests in every third generation by using fresh suspensions of toxin powders. The normal toxin complement of B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis consists of four toxins, CryIVA, CryIVB, CryIVD, and CytA. Resistance became evident first in the line that was selected with a single toxin (CryIVD), attaining the highest level (resistance ratio [RR], >913 at 95% lethal concentrati...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 6, 1997·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·M C WirthB A Federici
Oct 3, 2001·Journal of Medical Entomology·M L AllenC S Levesque
Dec 10, 2003·Microbiology·Robert ManasherobItzhak Fishov
Sep 15, 2007·Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association·Lawrence A Lacey
Jul 22, 2008·Environmental Microbiology·Zachariah Ngalo Otieno-AyayoEitan Ben-Dov
Apr 5, 2011·Ecotoxicology·Margot ParisLaurence Despres
Sep 30, 2014·Critical Reviews in Biotechnology·André Luiz de Almeida MeloCarlos Ricardo Soccol
May 28, 2016·Journal of Vector Ecology : Journal of the Society for Vector Ecology·Katie G Bellile, James R Vonesh
Dec 13, 2005·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Claudia PérezAlejandra Bravo
Apr 13, 2006·Medical and Veterinary Entomology·M F Cooperband, R T Cardé
Sep 8, 2015·Journal of Parasitic Diseases : Official Organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology·S BalakrishnanM Srinivasan
Aug 20, 2016·Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology·Raida Zribi ZghalSlim Tounsi
Mar 7, 2007·Pest Management Science·Matthew R TarverBarry R Pittendrigh
Dec 1, 2001·Annual Review of Entomology·Juan Ferré, Jeroen Van Rie

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