Influence of prolonged adenosine receptor blockade on fetal sleep and breathing patterns

Respiration Physiology
A AvitalV Chernick

Abstract

Chronically prepared fetal sheep were subjected to 48 h infusions of theophylline, an adenosine antagonist, enprofylline, a xanthine without adenosine antagonism, or saline. Theophylline increased mean (+/- SD) incidence of REM sleep from 49.3 +/- 8.3% to 57.3 +/- 6.7% (p < 0.02) and wakefulness from 1.3 +/- 1.4% to 8.1 +/- 7.1% (p < 0.01). On the first day of theophylline infusion incidence of fetal breathing (FB) increased from 37.9 +/- 8.1% to 53.7 +/- 11.6% of total time (p < 0.002) and from 76.4 +/- 10.2% to 87.6 +/- 10.3% of REM sleep (p < 0.02). Diaphragmatic EMG/min increased from 6.9 +/- 4.0 to 17.3 +/- 13 arbitrary units (p < 0.02). By the second day of infusion, FB had returned to baseline value. Enprofylline and saline had no effect. 125 micrograms phenyl isopropyl adenosine (PIA) i.v. caused fetal apnea that was reduced from 143 +/- 45.5 min on the control day to 39.8 +/- 34.7 min (p < 0.001) during theophylline infusion. Enprofylline and saline had no effect, suggesting that the observed theophylline effect was due to its adenosine antagonism rather than to non-specific xanthine action. We conclude that endogenous adenosine suppresses FB, but since theophylline did not alter the basic relationship between FB and R...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 4, 1999·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·S LahiriH Acker
May 1, 1996·Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing : JOGNN·N K Lowe, R Reiss
Nov 1, 1995·Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology·A J Lewis, A F Keft
Nov 5, 2005·Brain Research. Brain Research Reviews·David J MellorLaura Bennet

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