Influence of water matrix species on persulfate oxidation of phenol: reaction kinetics and formation of undesired degradation byproducts

Water Science and Technology : a Journal of the International Association on Water Pollution Research
Jie MaXuening Li

Abstract

The present study explored the influence of Cl-, Br-, CO32-, HCO3-, PO43-, HPO42-, NO3-, SO32- and natural organic matter (NOM) on the reaction kinetics and the formation of undesired degradation byproducts during phenol oxidation by heat-activated persulfate (PS). CO32- and PO43- promoted the phenol degradation, because the hydrolysis of CO32- and PO43- created basic pH conditions which were conducive to enhanced PS oxidation rate. Br- promoted the reaction by reacting with sulfate radicals (SO4•-) to produce bromine radicals that can selectively react with electron-rich phenol. NOM scavenged reactive SO4•-, thus inhibiting the reaction. As a strong reducing agent, SO32- rapidly reduced PS, thus completely suppressing the reaction. HCO3-, HPO42-, Cl-, and NO3- had negligible impact on PS oxidation of phenol. Six intermediates were detected in the no anion control using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Various toxic halogenated phenols and halogenated hydroquinones were detected in the treatment containing Cl- and Br-. In contrast, in the treatment containing CO32-, HCO3-, PO43-, HPO42-, and NO3-, no new intermediates were identified except for the intermediates already detected in the control treatment. Based on i...Continue Reading

References

Mar 3, 2006·Environmental Science & Technology·George P AnipsitakisMichael A Gonzalez
Aug 14, 2010·Environmental Science & Technology·Olha S FurmanRichard J Watts
Dec 15, 2010·Journal of Hazardous Materials·Shiying YangLeilei Wang
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Jan 6, 2012·Chemosphere·Lars R BennedsenErik G Søgaard
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