Influences of Vitamin A on Vaccine Immunogenicity and Efficacy

Frontiers in Immunology
R R PenkertJulia L Hurwitz

Abstract

Vitamin A deficiencies and insufficiencies are widespread in developing countries, and may be gaining prevalence in industrialized nations. To combat vitamin A deficiency (VAD), the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends high-dose vitamin A supplementation (VAS) in children 6-59 months of age in locations where VAD is endemic. This practice has significantly reduced all-cause death and diarrhea-related mortalities in children, and may have in some cases improved immune responses toward pediatric vaccines. However, VAS studies have yielded conflicting results, perhaps due to influences of baseline vitamin A levels on VAS efficacy, and due to cross-regulation between vitamin A and related nuclear hormones. Here we provide a brief review of previous pre-clinical and clinical data, showing how VAD and VAS affect immune responses, vaccines, and infectious diseases. We additionally present new results from a VAD mouse model. We found that when VAS was administered to VAD mice at the time of vaccination with a pneumococcal vaccine (Prevnar-13), pneumococcus (T4)-specific antibodies were significantly improved. Preliminary data further showed that after challenge with Streptococcus pneumoniae, all mice that had received VAS at the ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 5, 2020·The FEBS Journal·William J OlsonNatascha Hermann-Kleiter
Jul 19, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Bart G JonesJulia L Hurwitz
Nov 18, 2020·Vaccines·Anthony R Mawson, Ashley M Croft
Jan 25, 2020·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids·Anthony P MillerJaume Amengual
Sep 23, 2021·Journal of the American College of Nutrition·Alessio AlesciNicola Cicero

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
ELISAs

Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT03859687

Software Mentioned

GraphPad Prism
Excel
VAS

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