Influenza Herd-Level Prevalence and Seasonality in Breed-to-Wean Pig Farms in the Midwestern United States

Frontiers in Veterinary Science
Fabian Orlando Chamba PardoMontserrat Torremorell

Abstract

Influenza is a costly disease for pig producers and understanding its epidemiology is critical to control it. In this study, we aimed to estimate the herd-level prevalence and seasonality of influenza in breed-to-wean pig farms, evaluate the correlation between influenza herd-level prevalence and meteorological conditions, and characterize influenza genetic diversity over time. A cohort of 34 breed-to-wean farms with monthly influenza status obtained over a 5-year period in piglets prior to wean was selected. A farm was considered positive in a given month if at least one oral fluid tested influenza positive by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Influenza seasonality was assessed combining autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models with trigonometric functions as covariates. Meteorological conditions were gathered from local land-based weather stations, monthly aggregated and correlated with influenza herd-level prevalence. Influenza herd-level prevalence had a median of 28% with a range from 7 to 57% and followed a cyclical pattern with levels increasing during fall, peaking in both early winter (December) and late spring (May), and decreasing in summer. Influenza herd-level prevalence was correlated...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 7, 2018·Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses·Rasna R WaliaAmy L Vincent
Mar 19, 2020·Transboundary and Emerging Diseases·Jayaveeramuthu NirmalaMontserrat Torremorell
Jul 12, 2020·Transboundary and Emerging Diseases·Fabian O Chamba PardoMontserrat Torremorell
Mar 3, 2021·Porcine Health Management·Hamish A Salvesen, C Bruce A Whitelaw

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
JX092535
JX092307
JN638733
JF812276
CY114592
CY095675
CY006475
KC306165

Software Mentioned

Geneious
R
Rsurveillance
astsa
ClustalW

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