Influenza pathogenesis: lessons learned from animal studies with H5N1, H1N1 Spanish, and pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza

Critical Care Medicine
Isabelle MeunierVeronika von Messling

Abstract

Because cases of highly pathogenic influenza are rare, no systematic clinical studies have evaluated different therapeutic approaches. Instead, treatment recommendations are aimed at the alleviation of clinical signs and symptoms, especially the restoration of respiratory function, and at the inhibition of virus replication, assuming viral load is responsible for disease phenotype. Studies of highly pathogenic influenza in different animal models, especially nonhuman primates and ferrets, reproduce many of the key observations from clinical cases. Host-response kinetics reveal a delayed but broad activation of genes involved in the innate and acquired immune responses (innate responses produce inflammatory responses), which continue after the virus has been cleared and may contribute importantly to the clinical signs observed. Experimental animal models point to an important role for immune dysregulation in the pathogenesis of highly pathogenic influenza. The use of these models to develop and validate therapeutic approaches is just beginning, but published studies reveal the importance of early treatment with antivirals and show the potential and limitations of approaches aimed at the host response.

References

Feb 1, 1978·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·G H ScottR F Berendt
Nov 1, 1991·Drugs·N B FinterP B Tatum
Sep 1, 1991·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·F G HaydenS Pyke
Jan 1, 1988·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·B E Gilbert, P R Wyde
Sep 2, 1982·The New England Journal of Medicine·R DolinJ Webber-Jones
May 1, 1980·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·C B SmithC E Hall
Apr 1, 1980·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·S Z WilsonR B Couch
Mar 1, 1995·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·K V Clemons, D A Stevens
Jan 8, 1993·Journal of Medicinal Chemistry·J V TuttleT A Krenitsky
Nov 1, 1995·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·M TisdaleM Ford
Mar 21, 1997·Science·J K TaubenbergerT G Fanning
Feb 17, 1999·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·A H ReidJ K Taubenberger
Sep 21, 2000·Antiviral Research·L A Sawyer
Jun 20, 2001·Journal of Virology·G F RimmelzwaanA D Osterhaus
Mar 15, 2002·Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology : the Official Journal of the Society of Hospital Epidemiologists of America·Denise GravelGary Garber
Apr 5, 2002·Journal of Virology·Lois A ZitzowJacqueline M Katz
Feb 21, 2003·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Qing GeJianzhu Chen
Nov 1, 2003·The Lancet Infectious Diseases·Andrea SavarinoRoberto Cauda
Feb 27, 2004·The New England Journal of Medicine·Tinh Hien TranUNKNOWN World Health Organization International Avian Influenza Investigative Team
Jun 3, 2004·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Stephen Mark TompkinsSuzanne L Epstein
Jun 3, 2004·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Qing GeJianzhu Chen
Oct 1, 2004·Lab Animal·John A Maher, Joanne DeStefano
Feb 1, 2005·Journal of Virology·Elena A GovorkovaErich Hoffmann
Feb 25, 2005·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·Yousuke FurutaKimiyasu Shiraki
Mar 9, 2005·Emerging Infectious Diseases·Tawee ChotpitayasunondhScott F Dowell
May 10, 2005·Antiviral Research·Jindrich CinatlHans Wilhelm Doerr

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jul 1, 2010·Emerging Infectious Diseases·Tsui Mai KaoYee Chun Chen
Nov 27, 2010·European Journal of Pediatrics·Dinçer YildizdaşErgin Ciftçi
Apr 1, 2010·Archivos de bronconeumología·Arturo Huerta GarcíaAntoni Torres Martí
Sep 18, 2012·Critical Reviews in Microbiology·Derrick LouzRob C Hoeben
Feb 18, 2017·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Kyung-Yil Lee
May 29, 2010·Emerging Infectious Diseases·Ralf DürrwaldRoland Zell
Dec 24, 2011·Pathology International·Vijay N ShelkeAkhilesh C Mishra
Mar 29, 2019·Critical Care : the Official Journal of the Critical Care Forum·Yue-Nan NiZong-An Liang
Aug 10, 2011·Zoonoses and Public Health·E R CampagnoloS M Ostroff

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Antivirals

Antivirals are medications that are used specifically for treating viral infections. Discover the latest research on antivirals here.

Antivirals (ASM)

Antivirals are medications that are used specifically for treating viral infections. Discover the latest research on antivirals here.