Inhalation of low (0.5%-1.5%) CO2 as a potential treatment for apnea of prematurity

Seminars in Perinatology
S Al-AifH Rigatto

Abstract

Apnea of prematurity is common and none of the treatments being used are fully effective and free of significant adverse side effects. We hypothesized that low concentrations of CO2 (< or = 1.5%) may reduce apnea without causing discomfort from an increase in ventilation. We studied 10 preterm infants at a gestational age of 32+/-1 wk (mean +/- SEM) and birthweight 1.8+/-0.2 kg. After a control period of 1 hour, concentrations of CO2 were given (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) for 1 hour each, followed by a recovery period of 1 hour. Apnea number significantly decreased from 2.0+/-0.3 apneas/min during control to 1.0+/-0.1 apneas/min (0.5% CO2; P < .05), 1.1+/-0.2 (1% CO2; P < .05), and to 0.7+/-0.2 (1.5% CO2; P < .01). The apnea time significantly decreased from 14.2+/-2.5 s/min during control to 5.2+/-0.8 (0.5% CO2; P < .01), 5.8+/-0.7 (1% CO2; P < .01), and to 3.7+/-0.9 (1.5% CO2; P < .01). Minute ventilation significantly increased with CO2 without evidence of respiratory discomfort. TcPCO2 did not change and TcPO2 increased slightly. These findings suggest that inhalation of low concentrations of CO2 in preterm infants with apnea 1) decreases the number and time of apneas, 2) improves oxygenation, 3) increases ventilation, and 4) is e...Continue Reading

References

Aug 1, 1994·American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine·M S BadrS A Weber

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Citations

Feb 6, 2008·Proceedings of the American Thoracic Society·Eliot S Katz, Carolyn M D'Ambrosio
Sep 13, 2011·The Journal of Pediatrics·Ruben E AlvaroHenrique Rigatto
Jul 21, 2009·Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology·Bradley A EdwardsPhilip J Berger
Jun 7, 2008·The Journal of Pediatrics·Saif Al-SaifHenrique Rigatto
Sep 10, 2008·Pediatric Pulmonology·Jalal M Abu-Shaweesh, Richard J Martin
Oct 12, 2004·Journal of Applied Physiology·Malcolm H WilkinsonPhilip J Berger
Apr 20, 2016·Physiological Measurement·A MulchroneJ Webster

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