PMID: 11930529Apr 5, 2002Paper

Inhalational anthrax: threat, clinical presentation, and treatment

Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners
L Henry

Abstract

To provide nurse practitioners (NPs) with a basic understanding of clinical presentation, transmission, diagnosis, pharmacological treatment, and post-exposure prophylaxis of inhalational anthrax. Selected research and clinical articles and government guidelines. Inhalational anthrax has an incubation period of 1 to 6 days and is very difficult to diagnose early. The chest radiograph consistently reveals a widened mediastinum and pleural effusion without infiltrates. Mortality for inhalational anthrax is high, despite aggressive treatment after onset of symptoms. Delays in diagnosis contribute to the high mortality rate. The potential use of aerosolized anthrax as a biological warfare weapon has renewed interest in inhalational anthrax. Primary care providers are cornerstones in the defense against biological weapons because they may be the first to recognize and report suspicious cases.

References

Mar 21, 1998·Archives of Internal Medicine·J C PileA M Friedlander
Jul 3, 1999·Pharmacotherapy·K H IbrahimJ C Rotschafer
Aug 25, 1999·Emerging Infectious Diseases·T J Cieslak, E M Eitzen
Sep 4, 1999·Journal of Applied Microbiology·A M Friedlander
Sep 9, 1999·The New England Journal of Medicine·T C DixonP C Hanna
Nov 13, 1999·Chest·S ShafazandT A Raffin

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