Inhibitory Effect of 1,5-Dimethyl Citrate from Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides ) on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response in RAW 264.7 Mouse Macrophages

Foods
Su Cheol BaekKi Hyun Kim

Abstract

Hippophae rhamnoides L. (Elaeagnaceae; commonly known as "sea buckthorn" and "vitamin tree"), is a spiny deciduous shrub whose fruit is used in foods and traditional medicines. The H. rhamnoides fruit (berry) is rich in vitamin C, with a level exceeding that found in lemons and oranges. H. rhamnoides berries are usually washed and pressed to create pomace and juice. Today, the powder of the aqueous extract of H. rhamnoides berries are sold as a functional food in many countries. As part of our ongoing effort to identify bioactive constituents from natural resources, we aimed to isolate and identify those from the fruits of H. rhamnoides. Phytochemical analysis of the extract of H. rhamnoides fruits led to the isolation and identification of six compounds, namely, a citric acid derivative (1), a phenolic (2), flavonoids (3 and 4), and megastigmane compounds (5 and 6). Treatment with compounds 1-6 did not have any impact on the cell viability of RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. However, pretreatment with these compounds suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. Among the isolated compounds, compound 1 was identified as the most active, with an IC50 of...Continue Reading

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
nuclear magnetic resonance
circular dichroism
column chromatography
immunoprecipitation assay
protein assay
electrophoresis
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
NMR
nuclear translocation

Software Mentioned

ImageJ
SPSS

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