Abstract
Purpurogallin, a benzotropolone-containing natural compound, has been reported to exhibit numerous biological and pharmacological functions, such as antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we enzymatically synthesized purpurogallin from pyrogallol and investigated its role in receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclastogenesis. Purpurogallin attenuated the formation of multinucleated tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclasts from bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) without causing cytotoxicity, and suppressed upregulation of osteoclast-specific markers, including TRAP (Acp5), cathepsin K (Ctsk), and dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (Dcstamp). However, purpurogallin did not affect the bone resorbing function of mature osteoclasts evident by the resorption pit assay. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases, Akt and IkB pathways in RANK signaling were not altered by purpurogallin, whereas the expression of c-Fos and NFATc1, key transcriptional regulators in osteoclastogenesis, was dramatically inhibited by purpurogallin. Purpurogallin also significantly reduced the expression level of B lymphocyte-induced maturation protein-1 (Blimp1...Continue Reading
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