Initial reaction(s) in biotransformation of CL-20 is catalyzed by salicylate 1-monooxygenase from Pseudomonas sp. strain ATCC 29352

Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Bharat BhushanJalal Hawari

Abstract

CL-20 (2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane) (C(6)H(6)N(12)O(12)), a future-generation high-energy explosive, is biodegradable by Pseudomonas sp. strain FA1 and Agrobacterium sp. strain JS71; however, the nature of the enzyme(s) involved in the process was not understood. In the present study, salicylate 1-monooxygenase, a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-containing purified enzyme from Pseudomonas sp. strain ATCC 29352, biotransformed CL-20 at rates of 0.256 +/- 0.011 and 0.043 +/- 0.003 nmol min(-1) mg of protein(-1) under anaerobic and aerobic conditions, respectively. The disappearance of CL-20 was accompanied by the release of nitrite ions. Using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry in the negative electrospray ionization mode, we detected a metabolite with a deprotonated mass ion [M - H](-) at 345 Da, corresponding to an empirical formula of C(6)H(6)N(10)O(8), produced as a result of two sequential N denitration steps on the CL- 20 molecule. We also detected two isomeric metabolites with [M - H](-) at 381 Da corresponding to an empirical formula of C(6)H(10)N(10)O(10). The latter was a hydrated product of the metabolite C(6)H(6)N(10)O(8) with addition of two H(2)O molecules, as confirmed by tests...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 21, 2005·Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology·Bharat BhushanJalal Hawari
Oct 24, 2006·Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology·Fiona H CrockerHerbert L Fredrickson
May 21, 2009·Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology·Mark E FullerRobert J Steffan
Oct 18, 2005·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications·Bharat BhushanJalal Hawari
Mar 22, 2008·FEMS Microbiology Reviews·María Dolores RoldánConrado Moreno-Vivián
Sep 20, 2008·Environmental Pollution·Fanny Monteil-RiveraJalal Hawari
Aug 18, 2004·Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications·Bharat BhushanJalal Hawari
Jul 8, 2005·Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology·G BardaiJ Hawari
Apr 14, 2012·Critical Reviews in Microbiology·Baljinder SinghKashmir Singh
Nov 9, 2005·Journal of Environmental Quality·Fiona H CrockerHerbert L Fredrickson
Jan 27, 2005·Environmental Science & Technology·Vimal K BalakrishnanJalal Hawari

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