Initiation, Elongation, and Termination of Bacterial Cellulose Synthesis

ACS Omega
John B McManusMing Tien

Abstract

Cellulose is the major component of the plant cell wall and composed of β-linked glucose units. Use of cellulose is greatly impacted by its physical properties, which are dominated by the number of individual cellulose strand within each fiber and the average length of each strand. Our work described herein provides a complete mechanism for cellulose synthase accounting for its processivity and mechanism of initiation. Using ionic liquids and gel permeation chromatography, we obtain kinetic constants for initiation, elongation, and termination (release of the cellulose strand from the enzyme) for two bacterial cellulose synthases (Gluconacetobacter hansenii and Rhodobacter sphaeroides). Our results show that initiation of synthesis is primer-independent. After initiation, the enzyme undergoes multiple cycles of elongation until the strand is released. The rate of elongation is much faster than that of steady-state turnover. Elongation requires cyclic addition of glucose (from uridine diphosphate-glucose) and then strand translocation by one glucose unit. Translocations greater than one glucose unit result in termination requiring reinitiation. The rate of the strand release, relative to the rate of elongation, determines the pr...Continue Reading

References

Sep 15, 1991·European Journal of Biochemistry·C Smythe, P Cohen
Jan 6, 2000·Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics·H CaoA M Myers
Jan 5, 2002·Science·Liangcai PengDeborah Delmer
Feb 12, 2004·Journal of Chromatography. a·Anne-Laurence Dupont, Gérard Mortha
Apr 1, 2004·Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology·Sasithorn KongruangMichael H Penner
May 10, 2005·Biomacromolecules·Masahiro Yanagisawa, Akira Isogai
Jan 31, 2006·Plant Physiology·Naoko FujitaYasunori Nakamura
Jul 11, 2006·Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology·Chris Somerville
May 23, 2012·F1000 Biology Reports·Heather Youngs, Chris Somerville
Dec 12, 2012·Nature·Jacob L W MorganJochen Zimmer
Oct 16, 2013·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Okako OmadjelaJochen Zimmer
Apr 8, 2014·Nature Structural & Molecular Biology·Jacob L W MorganJochen Zimmer
Jun 7, 2014·Science·Heather Youngs, Chris Somerville
Dec 18, 2015·Enzyme and Microbial Technology·John B McManusMing Tien
Mar 10, 2016·Nature·Jacob L W MorganJochen Zimmer

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Nov 22, 2019·ACS Chemical Biology·Liubov Yakovlieva, Marthe T C Walvoort
Sep 24, 2018·Enzyme and Microbial Technology·John B McManusMing Tien
Mar 5, 2019·International Journal of Biological Macromolecules·Hirotaka TajimaYoshiaki Yuguchi
Apr 16, 2019·The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B·Hui YangJames D Kubicki

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
light
light scattering
scintillation spectroscopy

Software Mentioned

KINSIM
Tenua

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.