Injectable and topical neurotoxins in dermatology: Basic science, anatomy, and therapeutic agents

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Cerrene N GiordanoDavid M Ozog

Abstract

Botulinum toxin is a potentially deadly anaerobic bacterial toxin that acts by inhibiting release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, thereby inhibiting contraction of the exposed striated muscle. There are currently 4 botulinum toxin preparations approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA): onabotulinumtoxin, abobotulinumtoxin, incobotulinumtoxin and rimabotulinumtoxin. While significant overlap exists, each product has unique properties and specifications, including dosing, diffusion, and storage. Extensive physician knowledge of facial anatomy, coupled with key differences of the various neurotoxin types, is essential for safe and successful treatments. The first article in this continuing medical education series reviews key characteristics of each neurotoxin, including new and upcoming agents, and provides an anatomic overview of the most commonly injected cosmetic sites.

Citations

Aug 4, 2020·Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology·Yuanzhuo WangQiuning Sun
Oct 27, 2020·British Journal of Nursing : BJN·Elaine G Tyrrell
Nov 6, 2020·A&A Practice·Behdad Jahromi, Nebojsa Nick Knezevic
Apr 28, 2021·Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology·Kasey Roberts, Sangeeta Mahajan
Jun 25, 2021·Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology·Kate GoldieYana Yutskovskaya
Sep 20, 2021·Dermatologic Surgery : Official Publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et Al.]·Bridget WalkerCameron Chesnut

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Botulism (ASM)

Botulism is a rare but serious paralytic illness caused by a nerve toxin that is produced by the bacterium clostridium botulinum. Discover the latest research on botulism here.

Botulism

Botulism is a rare but serious paralytic illness caused by a nerve toxin that is produced by the bacterium clostridium botulinum. Discover the latest research on botulism here.

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