Innate and adaptive immunity in necrotizing enterocolitis

Seminars in Fetal & Neonatal Medicine
Madison A MaraJoern-Hendrik Weitkamp

Abstract

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most frequent and devastating gastrointestinal disease of premature infants. Although the precise mechanisms are not fully understood, NEC is thought to develop following a combination of prematurity, formula feeding, and adverse microbial colonization. Within the last decade, studies increasingly support an important role of a heightened mucosal immune response initiating a pro-inflammatory signaling cascade, which can lead to the disruption of the intestinal epithelium and translocation of pathogenic species. In this review, we first describe the cellular composition of the intestinal epithelium and its critical role in maintaining epithelial integrity. We then discuss cell signaling during NEC, specifically, toll-like receptors and nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptors. We further review cytokines and cellular components that characterize the innate and adaptive immune systems and how they interact to support or modulate NEC development.

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Citations

Aug 8, 2019·Journal of Computational Biology : a Journal of Computational Molecular Cell Biology·Jing ZhaoLing He
May 13, 2019·Archives of Disease in Childhood. Fetal and Neonatal Edition·Jacqueline van DrutenHassan Abdalla
Aug 2, 2019·Journal of Food Biochemistry·Chao Tang, Zhaoxin Lu
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Apr 21, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Kathryn BurgeHala Chaaban
Feb 2, 2020·Journal of Perinatology : Official Journal of the California Perinatal Association·Suneetha DesirajuSudha Kashyap
Oct 16, 2020·The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews·Sahar SharifWilliam McGuire
Oct 17, 2021·Pediatric Radiology·Misun HwangSudha A Anupindi
Apr 12, 2019·Neonatology·Verena Walsh, William McGuire

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