Innate immune complexity in the purple sea urchin: diversity of the sp185/333 system.

Frontiers in Immunology
L C Smith

Abstract

The California purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, is a long-lived echinoderm with a complex and sophisticated innate immune system. There are several large gene families that function in immunity in this species including the Sp185/333 gene family that has ∼50 (±10) members. The family shows intriguing sequence diversity and encodes a broad array of diverse yet similar proteins. The genes have two exons of which the second encodes the mature protein and has repeats and blocks of sequence called elements. Mosaics of element patterns plus single nucleotide polymorphisms-based variants of the elements result in significant sequence diversity among the genes yet maintains similar structure among the members of the family. Sequence of a bacterial artificial chromosome insert shows a cluster of six, tightly linked Sp185/333 genes that are flanked by GA microsatellites. The sequences between the GA microsatellites in which the Sp185/333 genes and flanking regions are located, are much more similar to each other than are the sequences outside the microsatellites suggesting processes such as gene conversion, recombination, or duplication. However, close linkage does not correspond with greater sequence similarity compared...Continue Reading

Citations

Apr 25, 2013·PloS One·Audrey J MajeskeL Courtney Smith
Feb 15, 2013·PLoS Pathogens·Michael F Criscitiello, Paul de Figueiredo
Jan 29, 2013·Developmental and Comparative Immunology·Nolwenn M DheillySham V Nair
Apr 25, 2015·Developmental and Comparative Immunology·Roberta RussoVincenzo Arizza
Dec 3, 2014·Developmental and Comparative Immunology·Chun LiKlara Stensvåg
Jul 13, 2016·Seminars in Immunology·Barbara Milutinović, Joachim Kurtz
Jun 21, 2017·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Michael G TassiaKenneth M Halanych
Mar 1, 2017·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Cheng Man LunL Courtney Smith
Apr 3, 2019·International Journal of Immunogenetics·Marco ChiaramonteRoberta Russo
Sep 19, 2019·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Yasmine Draceni, Sebastian Pechmann
Oct 31, 2014·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Audrey J MajeskeL Courtney Smith
Jun 28, 2019·Frontiers in Immunology·Matan OrenL Courtney Smith

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
DD185
EST333
AC178508.1
EF065834
EF066214

Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
electrophoresis
glycosylation
flow cytometry

Software Mentioned

BLAST

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