Innovations for Evaluation Research: Multiform Protocols, Visual Analog Scaling, and the Retrospective Pretest-Posttest Design

Evaluation & the Health Professions
Rong Chang, Todd D Little

Abstract

In this article, we review three innovative methods: multiform protocols, visual analog scaling, and the retrospective pretest-posttest design that can be used in evaluation research. These three techniques have been proposed for decades, but unfortunately, they are still not utilized readily in evaluation research. Our goal is to familiarize researchers with these underutilized research techniques that could reduce personnel effort and costs for data collection while producing better inferences for a study. We begin by discussing their applications and special unique features. We then discuss each technique's strengths and limitations and offer practical tips on how to better implement these methods in evaluation research. We then showcase two recent empirical studies that implement these methods in real-world evaluation research applications.

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Citations

Jul 12, 2018·International Psychogeriatrics·Liana MachadoChristopher H R Brett
Aug 14, 2020·Behavioral Medicine·Joanne SobeckShawn McElmurry
Feb 1, 2020·Journal of Youth and Adolescence·Victoria BanyardKimberly Mitchell
Sep 24, 2020·Global Pediatric Health·Shauna Marie LawlisAmy Middleman
Apr 6, 2021·Journal of Pain and Symptom Management·Sarah MillsSubha Ramani
Jun 3, 2021·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Daniel Puente-FernándezRafael Montoya-Juárez
Jun 22, 2021·Gerontology & Geriatrics Education·Abigale J MillerJane F Potter

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