Inorganic nitrate is a possible source for systemic generation of nitric oxide

Free Radical Biology & Medicine
Jon O Lundberg, Mirco Govoni

Abstract

Nitrate and nitrite have been considered stable inactive end products of nitric oxide (NO). While several recent studies now imply that nitrite can be reduced to bioactive NO again, the more stable anion nitrate is still considered to be biologically inert. Nitrate is concentrated in saliva, where a part of it is reduced to nitrite by bacterial nitrate reductases. We tested if ingestion of inorganic nitrate would affect the salivary and systemic levels of nitrite and S-nitrosothiols, both considered to be circulating storage pools for NO. Levels of nitrate, nitrite, and S-nitrosothiols were measured in plasma, saliva, and urine before and after ingestion of sodium nitrate (10 mg/kg). Nitrate levels increased greatly in saliva, plasma, and urine after the nitrate load. Salivary S-nitrosothiols also increased, but plasma levels remained unchanged. A 4-fold increase in plasma nitrite was observed after nitrate ingestion. If, however, the test persons avoided swallowing after the nitrate load, the increase in plasma nitrite was prevented, thereby illustrating its salivary origin. We show that nitrate is a substrate for systemic generation of nitrite. There are several pathways to further reduce this nitrite to NO. These results cha...Continue Reading

References

Aug 15, 1992·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·J S StamlerJ Loscalzo
Aug 1, 1995·Nature Medicine·J L ZweierP Kuppusamy
Apr 7, 1994·Nature·N BenjaminH McKenzie
Aug 26, 1998·Nitric Oxide : Biology and Chemistry·E Weitzberg, J O Lundberg
May 23, 2002·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Mark T GladwinAlan N Schechter
Nov 1, 2002·FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·Martin FeelischMalte Kelm
Mar 5, 2003·Free Radical Biology & Medicine·Ananth S PannalaCatherine A Rice-Evans
May 2, 2003·Nature Medicine·Tienush RassafMartin Feelisch
May 2, 2003·Nature Medicine·Mark T GladwinAlan N Schechter
Jul 31, 2003·Food Additives and Contaminants·S Y ChungI S Song
Nov 5, 2003·Nature Medicine·Kenyatta CosbyMark T Gladwin
Jan 1, 2004·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·HåKan Björne HJon O Lundberg

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

May 15, 2007·Intensive Care Medicine·Johanna AlbertWaldemar Goździk
Jun 1, 2011·European Journal of Nutrition·Ajay Machha, Alan N Schechter
Apr 25, 2012·European Journal of Applied Physiology·Daryl P WilkersonAndrew M Jones
Sep 4, 2009·Archives of Pharmacal Research·Jon O Lundberg, Eddie Weitzberg
Sep 4, 2009·Archives of Pharmacal Research·David J Lefer
Jan 3, 2008·Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery·Jon O LundbergMark T Gladwin
Apr 13, 2007·The New England Journal of Medicine·André DejamMark T Gladwin
May 30, 2008·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Dinesh KumarChristopher G Kevil
Aug 8, 2008·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·John W ElrodDavid J Lefer
Sep 30, 2010·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Mattias CarlströmJon O Lundberg
Aug 2, 2012·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Jon O Lundberg
May 1, 2010·Nutrition and Cancer·Edward MorcosJon O Lundberg
Feb 7, 2012·Antioxidants & Redox Signaling·Nicoletta CastiglioneFrancesca Cutruzzolà
Apr 4, 2012·Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics·Frank L GreenwayChristopher G Kevil
Mar 3, 2009·Cardiovascular Research·John W Calvert, David J Lefer
Oct 5, 2010·Cardiovascular Research·Mark GilchristNigel Benjamin
Oct 13, 2010·Cardiovascular Research·Jon O LundbergEddie Weitzberg
Apr 12, 2012·Cardiovascular Research·Shyamal C BirJincai Luo
Mar 11, 2010·European Heart Journal·Martin FeelischRichard B Weller
Aug 13, 2005·Critical Care Medicine·Håkan BjörneEddie Weitzberg
Nov 26, 2010·Current Opinion in Lipidology·Yaoping TangNathan S Bryan
May 27, 2005·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·Stefan CarlssonJon O Lundberg
May 15, 2007·British Journal of Sports Medicine·Tienush RassafMalte Kelm
May 7, 2013·Annual Review of Nutrition·Eddie Weitzberg, Jon O Lundberg
Nov 27, 2009·American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology·Thomas E IngramPhilip E James
Apr 2, 2011·Journal of Applied Physiology·Aarti A KenjaleJason D Allen
Aug 16, 2006·Arthritis Research & Therapy·J Brice WeinbergE William St Clair
Feb 29, 2008·Critical Care : the Official Journal of the Critical Care Forum·Jon O Lundberg, Eddie Weitzberg
Mar 3, 2009·Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin·Takaharu IshibashiMatomo Nishio
Jun 3, 2006·Biological Chemistry·Christoph V SuschekKlaus-Dietrich Kröncke
Jan 21, 2012·Sports Medicine·Raúl BescósAntoni Pons
Nov 21, 2007·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Nathan S BryanDavid J Lefer
May 6, 2014·Sports Medicine·Andrew M Jones
Mar 22, 2014·Nitric Oxide : Biology and Chemistry·V KapilA Ahluwalia
Jul 6, 2014·Pharmacology & Therapeutics·J C BaileyM Madhani
Jan 13, 2006·Nature Chemical Biology·Nathan S BryanMartin Feelisch
Jan 13, 2006·Nature Chemical Biology·Mark T GladwinJon O Lundberg
Nov 17, 2009·Nature Chemical Biology·Jon O LundbergEddie Weitzberg
May 31, 2011·Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition)·Leonid L Moroz, Andrea B Kohn

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.