Inorganic polyphosphates and heavy metal resistance in microorganisms

World Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology
Tatiana Kulakovskaya

Abstract

The mechanisms of heavy metal resistance in microbial cells involve multiple pathways. They include the formation of complexes with specific proteins and other compounds, the excretion from the cells via plasma membrane transporters in case of procaryotes, and the compartmentalization of toxic ions in vacuoles, cell wall and other organelles in case of eukaryotes. The relationship between heavy metal tolerance and inorganic polyphosphate metabolism was demonstrated both in prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms. Polyphosphates, being polyanions, are involved in detoxification of heavy metals through complex formation and compartmentalization. The bacteria and fungi cultivated in the presence of some heavy metal cations contain the enhanced levels of polyphosphate. In bacteria, polyphosphate sequesters heavy metals; some of metal cations stimulate an exopolyphosphatase activity, which releases phosphate from polyphosphates, and MeHPO4- ions are then transported out of the cells. In fungi, the overcoming of heavy metal stresses is associated with the accumulation of polyphosphates in cytoplasmic inclusions, vacuoles and cell wall and the formation of cation/polyphosphate complexes. The effects of knockout mutations and overexp...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 6, 2019·Archives of Microbiology·Tatiana KulakovskayaMikhail Vainshtein
Jul 18, 2020·Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry : JBIC : a Publication of the Society of Biological Inorganic Chemistry·Eduardo H S SousaJosé J G Moura
Aug 19, 2020·Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis : JTH·Patrick M SuessJames H Morrissey
Dec 18, 2020·Letters in Applied Microbiology·C Shiny MatildaC Shanthi

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
biosensors
electron
X-ray
transgenic
florescence microscopy
phosphotransferase
RNA-Seq
biosensor

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