Inside job: how the ESCRTs release HIV-1 from infected cells

Biochemical Society Transactions
James H Hurley, A King Cada

Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) hijacks the host endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) proteins in order to release infectious viral particles from the cell. ESCRT recruitment is virtually essential for the production of infectious virus, despite that the main structural protein of HIV-1, Gag, is capable of self-assembling and eventually budding from membranes on its own. Recent data have reinforced the paradigm of ESCRT-dependent particle release while clarifying why this rapid release is so critical. The ESCRTs were originally discovered as integral players in endosome maturation and are now implicated in many important cellular processes beyond viral and endosomal budding. Nearly all of these roles have in common that membrane scission occurs from the inward face of the membrane neck, which we refer to as 'reverse topology' scission. A satisfactory mechanistic description of reverse-topology membrane scission by ESCRTs remains a major challenge both in general and in the context of HIV-1 release. New observations concerning the fundamental scission mechanism for ESCRTs in general, and the process of HIV-1 release specifically, have generated new insights in both directions, bringing us closer t...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 4, 2019·Journal of Virology·Cosmo Z BuffaloXuefeng Ren
Sep 15, 2019·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Huxley K HoffmanSchuyler B van Engelenburg
May 20, 2020·Nature Structural & Molecular Biology·Thomas G FlowerJames H Hurley
Jan 8, 2020·Nature Structural & Molecular Biology·Valerie E PyePeter Cherepanov
Sep 18, 2020·Journal of Cell Science·Mark Remec Pavlin, James H Hurley
Nov 12, 2019·Frontiers in Immunology·Alba Martín-Moreno, Mª Angeles Muñoz-Fernández
Mar 7, 2020·Scientific Reports·Susan M WatanabeCarol Carter
Mar 7, 2021·Cells·Arianna CalistriCristina Parolin
Mar 31, 2021·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Junfeng LiuMart Krupovic
Jul 21, 2021·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Lara RheinemannWesley I Sundquist
Sep 14, 2021·Cellular Microbiology·Diana P BaqueroDavid Prangishvili

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