Insight into doping efficiency of organic semiconductors from the analysis of the density of states in n-doped C60 and ZnPc

Nature Materials
Christopher GaulFrank Ortmann

Abstract

Doping plays a crucial role in semiconductor physics, with n-doping being controlled by the ionization energy of the impurity relative to the conduction band edge. In organic semiconductors, efficient doping is dominated by various effects that are currently not well understood. Here, we simulate and experimentally measure, with direct and inverse photoemission spectroscopy, the density of states and the Fermi level position of the prototypical materials C60 and zinc phthalocyanine n-doped with highly efficient benzimidazoline radicals (2-Cyc-DMBI). We study the role of doping-induced gap states, and, in particular, of the difference Δ1 between the electron affinity of the undoped material and the ionization potential of its doped counterpart. We show that this parameter is critical for the generation of free carriers and influences the conductivity of the doped films. Tuning of Δ1 may provide alternative strategies to optimize the electronic properties of organic semiconductors.

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Citations

Aug 14, 2018·Advanced Materials·Yong XuYong-Young Noh
Oct 17, 2019·Chemical Communications : Chem Comm·Huimin XueJunbai Li
Jan 23, 2020·Advanced Materials·Guillaume SchweicherYves H Geerts
May 1, 2020·Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP·Artem FediaiWolfgang Wenzel
Jun 6, 2019·Nature Communications·Martin SchwarzeKarl Leo
Mar 22, 2020·Nature Communications·Michel PanhansFrank Ortmann
Jan 16, 2019·Nature Materials·Björn Lüssem
Oct 9, 2019·Nature Communications·Artem FediaiWolfgang Wenzel
Jul 28, 2020·Nature Communications·Hirohiko FukagawaTakahisa Shimizu
Mar 21, 2020·Advanced Science·Nguyen Ngan NguyenKilwon Cho
Apr 17, 2021·The Journal of Physical Chemistry. C, Nanomaterials and Interfaces·Demetra TsokkouNatalie Banerji
Aug 19, 2020·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Martin SchwarzeKarl Leo
Sep 7, 2018·The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters·Donato SpoltoreKoen Vandewal
Feb 23, 2020·ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces·Yabing TangHan Yan
Sep 2, 2021·Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal·Jin-Peng YangSatoshi Kera
Oct 15, 2021·Advanced Materials·Massimiliano CominGabriele D'Avino
Dec 31, 2021·Journal of Computational Chemistry·Mitisha JainHazem Aldahhak

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