Insights in Chloroquine Action: Perspectives and Implications in Malaria and COVID-19

Cytometry. Part a : the Journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology
Micheli Mainardi PillatHenning Ulrich

Abstract

Malaria is a threat to human mankind and kills about half a million people every year. On the other hand, COVID-19 resulted in several hundred thousand deaths since December 2019 and remains without an efficient and safe treatment. The antimalarials chloroquine (CQ) and its analog, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), have been tested for COVID-19 treatment, and several conflicting evidence has been obtained. Therefore, the aim of this review was to summarize the evidence regarding action mechanisms of these compounds against Plasmodium and SARS-CoV-2 infection, together with cytometry applications. CQ and HCQ act on the renin angiotensin system, with possible implications on the cardiorespiratory system. In this context, flow and image cytometry emerge as powerful technologies to investigate the mechanism of therapeutic candidates, as well as for the identification of the immune response and prognostics of disease severity. Data from the large randomized trials support the conclusion that CQ and HCQ do not provide any clinical improvements in disease severity and progression of SARS-CoV-2 patients, as well as they do not present any solid evidence of increased serious side effects. These drugs are safe and effective antimalarials agents,...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 7, 2021·Free Radical Research·Hung-Chi YangDaniel Tsun-Yee Chiu
Dec 18, 2020·Molecular Psychiatry·Deidiane Elisa RibeiroHenning Ulrich
Apr 9, 2021·Nitric Oxide : Biology and Chemistry·Lara M F GuimarãesClaudiana Lameu

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