Insights into the ancestral organisation of the mammalian MHC class II region from the genome of the pteropid bat, Pteropus alecto

BMC Genomics
Justin H J NgMichelle L Baker

Abstract

Bats are an extremely successful group of mammals and possess a variety of unique characteristics, including their ability to co-exist with a diverse range of pathogens. The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is the most gene dense and polymorphic region of the genome and MHC class II (MHC-II) molecules play a vital role in the presentation of antigens derived from extracellular pathogens and activation of the adaptive immune response. Characterisation of the MHC-II region of bats is crucial for understanding the evolution of the MHC and of the role of pathogens in shaping the immune system. Here we describe the relatively contracted MHC-II region of the Australian black flying-fox (Pteropus alecto), providing the first detailed insight into the MHC-II region of any species of bat. Twelve MHC-II genes, including one locus (DRB2) located outside the class II region, were identified on a single scaffold in the bat genome. The presence of a class II locus outside the MHC-II region is atypical and provides evidence for an ancient class II duplication block. Two non-classical loci, DO and DM and two classical, DQ and DR loci, were identified in P. alecto. A putative classical, DPB pseudogene was also identified. The bat's antige...Continue Reading

References

Oct 1, 1990·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·J P CogswellJ P Ting
Oct 25, 1990·Nucleic Acids Research·T D Schneider, R M Stephens
Oct 5, 1990·Journal of Molecular Biology·S F AltschulD J Lipman
Sep 1, 1987·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·A DornD Mathis
Sep 11, 1987·Cell·A DornD Mathis
Jun 12, 1981·Science·B Benacerraf
Jan 1, 1981·Journal of Molecular Evolution·J Felsenstein
Jan 1, 1995·Annual Review of Immunology·D R Madden
Oct 1, 1996·Emerging Infectious Diseases·R SwanepoelC J Peters
Apr 25, 1997·Journal of Molecular Biology·C Burge, S Karlin
Jul 22, 1997·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·M NeiT Sitnikova
Feb 21, 1998·Current Biology : CB·S M van HamJ Neefjes
Feb 11, 1999·Australian Veterinary Journal·M M WilliamsonP K Murray
May 6, 1999·Journal of Molecular Evolution·H KupfermannJ Klein
Sep 29, 1999·Veterinary Microbiology·K HalpinJ S Mackenzie
Feb 24, 2000·Journal of Comparative Pathology·M M WilliamsonR F Slocombe
Jun 3, 2000·Annual Review of Immunology·C Alfonso, L Karlsson
May 2, 2002·Cell·Jenny Pan-Yun Ting, John Trowsdale
Dec 26, 2002·Annual Review of Immunology·Attila KumánovicsKirsten Fischer Lindahl
Jul 29, 2003·Aging Cell·Gerald S Wilkinson, Jason M South
Feb 19, 2004·Cytogenetic and Genome Research·A L GustafsonL C Skow
Jul 16, 2004·BMC Bioinformatics·Ryan BrodieChris Upton
Dec 2, 2004·Nature Reviews. Genetics·Roger HortonStephan Beck
Dec 18, 2004·Immunogenetics·James KelleyJohn Trowsdale
Feb 1, 2005·Science·Emma C TeelingWilliam J Murphy
Dec 2, 2005·Nature·Eric M LeroyRobert Swanepoel
Dec 13, 2005·The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences·Andrej J PodlutskySteven N Austad
Mar 25, 2006·Nature Reviews. Immunology·E Yvonne JonesChristian Siebold
Jul 19, 2006·Clinical Microbiology Reviews·Charles H CalisherTony Schountz
Oct 17, 2006·Reviews in Medical Virology·Samson WongKwok-Yung Yuen
Feb 24, 2007·Cytogenetic and Genome Research·J E DeakinJ A M Graves
May 15, 2007·Journal of Comparative Pathology·D J MiddletonP W Daniels
Feb 22, 2008·Nature·Kate E JonesPeter Daszak
Sep 2, 2008·Developmental and Comparative Immunology·Joan K LunneyDouglas M Smith
Mar 28, 2009·Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases·Eric M LeroyPierre Formenty
Mar 28, 2009·Biology Letters·Jillian D L Smith, T Ryan Gregory

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jun 26, 2020·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Efstathios S Giotis
Apr 26, 2019·Frontiers in Immunology·André Luiz Alves de SáMaria Paula Cruz Schneider
Apr 2, 2019·Frontiers in Immunology·Pravin PeriasamySylvie Alonso
Apr 3, 2021·Scientific Reports·Claudia KohlAndreas Kurth

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Software Mentioned

BLAST
Geneious
Clone Manager Professional
Sci
MUSCLE
Ensembl
MEGA
GENSCAN
Tree Explorer

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.