Insights into the Evolutionary Relationships of LytA Autolysin and Ply Pneumolysin-Like Genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae and Related Streptococci

Genome Biology and Evolution
María MoralesErnesto García

Abstract

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a major human pathogen. The main pneumococcal autolysin LytA and the pneumolysin Ply are two of the bacterium's most important virulence factors. The lytA- and ply-related genes are also found in other streptococci of the Mitis group (SMG). The precise characteristics of the lytA-related-but not the ply-related-genes of SMG and their prophages have been previously described. A search of the more than 400 SMG genomic sequences available in public databases (ca. 300 for S. pneumoniae), showed Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae IS7493 to harbor four ply-related genes, two of which (plyA and plyB) have 98% identical nucleotides. The plyA homolog of S. pseudopneumoniae is conserved in all S. pneumoniae strains, and seems to be included in a pathogenicity island together with the lytA gene. However, only nonencapsulated S. pneumoniae strains possess a plyB gene, which is part of an integrative and conjugative element. Notably, the existence of a bacterial lytA-related gene in a genome is linked to the presence of plyA and vice versa. The present analysis also shows there are eight main types of plyA-lytA genomic islands. A possible stepwise scenario for the evolution of the plyA-lytA island in S...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 6, 2017·Pathogens and Disease·Kristina M GraysonMartha A Alexander-Miller
Feb 15, 2017·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·Mark van der LindenRegine Hakenbeck
Mar 24, 2016·MBio·Lance E KellerLarry S McDaniel
Oct 11, 2020·Microorganisms·Geneviève Garriss, Birgitta Henriques-Normark
Oct 1, 2021·Microbiology and Immunology·Atsushi Tabata, Hideaki Nagamune
Dec 7, 2021·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Antonio J Martín-Galiano, Ernesto García

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
CP000410

Methods Mentioned

BETA
ICE
PCR

Software Mentioned

Ply
Clustal Omega
pl
BLAST
REP
SignalP

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