Insights into the karyotype and genome evolution of haplogyne spiders indicate a polyploid origin of lineage with holokinetic chromosomes

Scientific Reports
Jirí KrálPetr Bureš

Abstract

Spiders are an ancient and extremely diverse animal order. They show a considerable diversity of genome sizes, karyotypes and sex chromosomes, which makes them promising models to analyse the evolution of these traits. Our study is focused on the evolution of the genome and chromosomes in haplogyne spiders with holokinetic chromosomes. Although holokinetic chromosomes in spiders were discovered a long time ago, information on their distribution and evolution in these arthropods is very limited. Here we show that holokinetic chromosomes are an autapomorphy of the superfamily Dysderoidea. According to our hypothesis, the karyotype of ancestral Dysderoidea comprised three autosome pairs and a single X chromosome. The subsequent evolution has frequently included inverted meiosis of the sex chromosome and an increase of 2n. We demonstrate that caponiids, a sister clade to Dysderoidea, have enormous genomes and high diploid and sex chromosome numbers. This pattern suggests a polyploid event in the ancestors of caponiids. Holokinetic chromosomes could have arisen by subsequent multiple chromosome fusions and a considerable reduction of the genome size. We propose that spider sex chromosomes probably do not pose a major barrier to poly...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 21, 2020·Comparative Cytogenetics·František ŠťáhlavskýVera Opatova
May 21, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Veit SchubertAndreas Houben
May 11, 2021·Frontiers in Plant Science·Paulo G HofstatterAndré Marques
Sep 22, 2021·The New Phytologist·František ZedekPetr Bureš
Dec 2, 2021·Genome Biology and Evolution·José CercaRosemary G Gillespie

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
flow cytometry

Software Mentioned

- PAINT X9
FlowMax
IMAGE TOOL
Corel PHOTO

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