Insights into the regulatory function of the ɛ subunit from bacterial F-type ATP synthases: a comparison of structural, biochemical and biophysical data

Open Biology
Alexander KrahDuncan G G McMillan

Abstract

ATP synthases catalyse the formation of ATP, the most common chemical energy storage unit found in living cells. These enzymes are driven by an electrochemical ion gradient, which allows the catalytic evolution of ATP by a binding change mechanism. Most ATP synthases are capable of catalysing ATP hydrolysis to varying degrees, and to prevent wasteful ATP hydrolysis, bacteria and mitochondria have regulatory mechanisms such as ADP inhibition. Additionally, ɛ subunit inhibition has also been described in three bacterial systems, Escherichia coli, Bacillus PS3 and Caldalkalibacillus thermarum TA2.A1. Previous studies suggest that the ɛ subunit is capable of undergoing an ATP-dependent conformational change from the ATP hydrolytic inhibitory 'extended' conformation to the ATP-induced non-inhibitory 'hairpin' conformation. A recently published crystal structure of the F1 domain of the C. thermarum TA2.A1 F1Fo ATP synthase revealed a mutant ɛ subunit lacking the ability to bind ATP in a hairpin conformation. This is a surprising observation considering it is an organism that performs no ATP hydrolysis in vivo, and appears to challenge the current dogma on the regulatory role of the ɛ subunit. This has prompted a re-examination of pre...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 2, 2019·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Hendrik SielaffMichael Börsch
Mar 5, 2020·Chemphyschem : a European Journal of Chemical Physics and Physical Chemistry·Alexander KrahPeter J Bond
Jul 2, 2020·Chembiochem : a European Journal of Chemical Biology·Alexander KrahPeter J Bond
Sep 30, 2018·Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes·Francisco Mendoza-HoffmannJosé J García-Trejo
Dec 16, 2020·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Bioenergetics·Owen D JarmanJudy Hirst
Mar 18, 2020·Journal of Natural Products·Angela BisioNunziatina De Tommasi
Jul 21, 2020·The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B·Alexander KrahPeter J Bond
Apr 14, 2021·Future Medicinal Chemistry·William A Denny
Oct 19, 2020·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. General Subjects·Alexander KrahDuncan G G McMillan

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
NMR
FRET
gel-filtration
X-ray

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