PMID: 11928538Apr 4, 2002Paper

Insulin resistance and evolution

Nutrición hospitalaria
J M Fernández-Real Lemos

Abstract

Both infections and injuries activate the immunity system, leading to a series of metabolic changes which place the organism at a disadvantage and contribute to its elimination, thus facilitating the repair of the injured tissue. The study of the actions of tumour necrosing factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), classically implicated in inflammatory processes and in fighting infection, has revealed numerous metabolic effects. Some gene polymorphisms of TNF-alpha and IL-6 (associated with a different TNF-alpha or IL-6 transcription rate) and the plasma concentrations of the soluble TNF-alpha receptor are found to be simultaneously associated with resistance to insulin, the proportion of body fat and with the mortality linked with different chronic infections. Therefore, it seems that the immune system is designed to fight infections effectively and to provide certain survival advantages during periods of intermittent fasting so frequent in the past. By inducing a resistance to insulin in the muscles, the energy substrates would thus be reserved for neuronal metabolism. In the presence of an insulin-resistance genotype and a westernization of the environment (carbohydrate-rich diet, an increase in saturated fat, low ...Continue Reading

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