Insulin resistance, inflammation, and cognition in Alzheimer's Disease: lessons for multiple sclerosis

Journal of the Neurological Sciences
G Stennis Watson, S Craft

Abstract

Insulin resistance (reduced ability of insulin to stimulate glucose utilization) is common in North American and Europe, where as many as one third of all older adults suffer from prodromal or clinical type 2 diabetes mellitus. It has long been known that insulin-resistant conditions adversely affect general health status. A growing body of findings suggests that insulin contributes to normal brain functioning and that peripheral insulin abnormalities increase the risk for memory loss and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Potential mechanisms for these effects include insulin's role in cerebral glucose metabolism, peptide regulation, modulation of neurotransmitter levels, and modulation of many aspects of the inflammatory network. An intriguing question is whether insulin abnormalities also influence the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disorder characterized by elevated inflammatory biomarkers, central nervous system white matter lesions, axonal degeneration, and cognitive impairment. MS increases the risk for type 1 diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, the lack of association between MS and type 2 diabetes may suggest that insulin resistance affects patients with MS and the general p...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 11, 2009·Journal of Neural Transmission·Keshen LiZe Yang
Jul 14, 2012·Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports·Shannon OversAaron P Turner
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Oct 31, 2020·Life Sciences·Habib YaribeygiAmirhossein Sahebkar

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