Integrating immunity: the immunculus and self-reactivity

Journal of Autoimmunity
Alexander B PoletaevM Eric Gershwin

Abstract

The most important theoretical contribution to autoimmunity was the clonal selection theory of Burnet. This thesis, including the unique terminology of the forbidden clone, laid the foundation for discussions and research regarding self-reactivity and remains the foundation for discussions of thymic education. There were, however, additional works which suggested that autoantibodies, coined natural autoantibodies, exist even in healthy individuals. The ontogenic appearance of the immune system was a series of events that were developed in evolution to recognize the biologic essence of complementary antigen recognition and elimination of foreign pathogens. Interestingly, microbial and host epitopes are often highly conserved in evolution and this homology has functional significance for both the microbe and the host. Further, while the immune system is a series of interconnecting pathways, in reality it is also composed of promiscuous and sometimes independent pathways. The interaction between antibodies and epitopes is determined not necessarily by a primary chemical structure, but more likely by the stereochemistry of the antigen. As such, we increasingly recognize a large repertoire of natural autoantibodies and the developme...Continue Reading

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