Abstract
In spring 2008, a goat farm experiencing Q fever abortions ("Farm A") was identified as the probable source of a human Q fever outbreak in a Dutch town. In 2009, a larger outbreak with 347 cases occurred in the town, despite no clinical Q fever being reported from any local farm. Our study aimed to identify the source of the 2009 outbreak by applying a combination of interdisciplinary methods, using data from several sources and sectors, to investigate seventeen farms in the area: namely, descriptive epidemiology of notified cases; collation of veterinary data regarding the seventeen farms; spatial attack rate and relative risk analyses; and GIS mapping of farms and smooth incidence of cases. We conducted further spatio-temporal analyses that integrated temporal data regarding date of onset with spatial data from an atmospheric dispersion model with the most highly suspected source at the centre. Our analyses indicated that Farm A was again the most likely source of infection, with persons living within 1 km of the farm at a 46 times larger risk of being a case compared to those living within 5-10 km. The spatio-temporal analyses demonstrated that about 60 - 65 % of the cases could be explained by aerosol transmission from Farm...Continue Reading
References
Apr 6, 1996·Lancet·B P MarmionI Penttila
Aug 25, 2004·Emerging Infectious Diseases·Hervé Tissot-DupontDidier Raoult
Mar 1, 2006·Lancet·Neil R ParkerAlan Morton Bell
Oct 10, 2006·BMC Infectious Diseases·Klaudia PortenUdo Buchholz
Dec 26, 2006·Research in Veterinary Science·M BerriA Rodolakis
Nov 18, 2008·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·Elodie RoussetAnnie Rodolakis
Mar 17, 2010·BMC Infectious Diseases·Barbara SchimmerWim van der Hoek
Sep 14, 2010·Preventive Veterinary Medicine·J ZinsstagM Tanner
Oct 6, 2010·Epidemiology and Infection·H I J RoestD Raoult
Mar 12, 2011·Emerging Infectious Diseases·Lenny HogerwerfMirjam Nielen
Apr 8, 2011·Emerging Infectious Diseases·Hendrik I J RoestFred G van Zijderveld
Jul 26, 2011·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·A de BruinI Janse
Aug 13, 2011·Epidemiology and Infection·J WhelanR ter Schegget
Nov 10, 2011·FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology·Frederika DijkstraPeter M Schneeberger
Jan 17, 2012·Applied and Environmental Microbiology·A de BruinY T H P van Duynhoven
Feb 22, 2012·The Veterinary Record·R van den BromP Vellema
Jun 20, 2012·Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology·Wim van der HoekPeter M Schneeberger
Aug 25, 2012·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Volker H HackertChristian J P A Hoebe
Sep 1, 2012·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Peter DaszakHealy Hamilton
Nov 16, 2012·PloS One·Hendrik-Jan RoestLucien van Keulen
Dec 18, 2012·Geospatial Health·Wim van der HoekPeter M Schneeberger
Feb 13, 2013·Journal of Applied Microbiology·A de BruinB J van Rotterdam
Dec 11, 2013·PloS One·Jeroen P G van LeukenArno N Swart
Apr 19, 2015·International Journal of Health Geographics·Jeroen P G van LeukenArno N Swart
Citations
Aug 24, 2016·Zoonoses and Public Health·R J BrookeL A Waller
Mar 9, 2018·Infectious Diseases·Mark R ArmstrongRobert L Horvath
May 17, 2018·BMC Infectious Diseases·Nicholas J Clark, Ricardo J Soares Magalhães
Apr 7, 2016·Veterinary Research·Pranav PanditElisabeta Vergu
Nov 29, 2016·Aerobiologia·J P G van LeukenA H Havelaar
Nov 8, 2018·Zoonoses and Public Health·Myrna M T De RooijDick J J Heederik
Mar 3, 2019·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Md Rezanur RahamanPeng Bi
Jun 29, 2021·Epidemiology and Infection·L DuplaixJ Arsenault