Intense focused ultrasound as a potential research tool for the quantification of diurnal inflammatory pain.

Ultrasonics
Josephine D GarciaPierre D Mourad

Abstract

Quantifying pain through assay of a human's or animal's response to a known stimulus as a function of time of day is a critical means of advancing chronotherapeutic pain management. Current methods for quantifying pain, even in the context of etiologies involving deep tissue, generally involve stimulation by quantifiable means of either cutaneous (heat-lamp tests, electrical stimuli) or both cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue (von Frey hairs, tourniquets, etc.) or study of proxies for pain (such as stress, via assay of cortisol levels). In this study, we evaluate the usefulness of intense focused ultrasound (iFU), already shown to generate sensations and other biological effects deep to the skin, as a means of quantifying deep diurnal pain using a standard animal model of inflammation. Beginning 5 days after injection of Complete Freund's Adjuvant into the plantar surface of the rat's right hind paw to induce inflammation, the rats were divided into two groups, the light-phase test group (09:00-18:00h) and the dark-phase test group (23:00-06:00h), both of which underwent iFU application deep to the skin. We used two classes of iFU protocol, motivated by the extant literature. One consisted of a single pulse (SP) lasting 0.375s. ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 18, 2014·Journal of Therapeutic Ultrasound·Abbi M McClinticPierre D Mourad
Aug 10, 2013·The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·Abbi M McClinticPierre D Mourad
Nov 10, 2012·Pain Medicine : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Pain Medicine·Abbi M McClinticPierre D Mourad
Oct 13, 2017·Pain Medicine : the Official Journal of the American Academy of Pain Medicine·Pierre D MouradJohn D Loeser
Jul 11, 2018·Current Pain and Headache Reports·Michael S BobolaPierre D Mourad
Jul 15, 2021·Neurology Research International·Lazzaro di BiaseVincenzo Di Lazzaro

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