Interaction between Tat and Drugs of Abuse during HIV-1 Infection and Central Nervous System Disease

Frontiers in Microbiology
Monique E MaubertMichael R Nonnemacher

Abstract

In many individuals, drug abuse is intimately linked with HIV-1 infection. In addition to being associated with one-third of all HIV-1 infections in the United States, drug abuse also plays a role in disease progression and severity in HIV-1-infected patients, including adverse effects on the central nervous system (CNS). Specific systems within the brain are known to be damaged in HIV-1-infected individuals and this damage is similar to that observed in drug abuse. Even in the era of anti-retroviral therapy (ART), CNS pathogenesis occurs with HIV-1 infection, with a broad range of cognitive impairment observed, collectively referred to as HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). A number of HIV-1 proteins (Tat, gp120, Nef, Vpr) have been implicated in the etiology of pathogenesis and disease as a result of the biologic activity of the extracellular form of each of the proteins in a number of tissues, including the CNS, even in ART-suppressed patients. In this review, we have made Tat the center of attention for a number of reasons. First, it has been shown to be synthesized and secreted by HIV-1-infected cells in the CNS, despite the most effective suppression therapies available to date. Second, Tat has been shown to...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jun 15, 2016·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Marianne StrazzaMichael R Nonnemacher
Mar 6, 2019·Medical Microbiology and Immunology·Cassandra SpectorMichael R Nonnemacher
May 12, 2017·Frontiers in Neuroscience·Monique E MaubertMichael R Nonnemacher
Dec 10, 2020·Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research·Mark K BrittonRonald A Cohen

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
nuclear translocation
transgenics

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