Interaction of Clostridium difficile toxin A with cultured cells: cytoskeletal changes and nuclear polarization.

Infection and Immunity
C FiorentiniG Donelli

Abstract

Experiments done on in vitro-cultured cells exposed to toxin A from C. difficile showed a series of cytopathologic changes leading to cell retraction and rounding accompanied by the marginalization of the nucleus, which localized at one pole of the cell. Cytoskeleton appeared to be strongly involved in such modifications. In particular, the microfilament system seemed to be involved in cell retraction, while microtubule network integrity and function seemed to be necessary for the nuclear displacement. The carboxylic ionophore monensin completely blocked the cytopathic effect when added with the toxin. The serine protease inhibitor chymostatin appeared to be protective also upon addition long after the end of the binding step. The Ca2(+)-dependent cytosolic protease inhibitors antipain and leupeptin were uneffective in protecting cells. Thus, our results suggest the involvement of an acidic compartment and the action of a serine protease in toxin A-induced cytopathic effect.

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Citations

Nov 1, 1994·Journal of Surgical Oncology·P N RedlichS E Grossberg
Feb 1, 1991·Cytotechnology·C FiorentiniM Thelestam
Feb 26, 2000·Infection and Immunity·S Zhang, C W Maddox
Jan 1, 1994·FEMS Microbiology Reviews·M J WolfhagenJ Verhoef
Apr 16, 2005·Clinical Microbiology Reviews·Daniel E Voth, Jimmy D Ballard
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May 1, 1997·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·A A Melo FilhoR A Ribeiro
Jun 27, 1998·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·M R Popoff
Oct 1, 1991·Infection and Immunity·W A FlegelH Northoff
Jan 1, 1991·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·C Fiorentini, M Thelestam
Jan 1, 1991·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·W MalorniC Ramoni
Aug 1, 1993·Infection and Immunity·S T DontaT K Tomicic
Jun 1, 1993·Baillière's Clinical Gastroenterology·I W Booth, A S McNeish
May 1, 1992·The Journal of Infection·D W Acheson

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