Interaction of Theory and Practice to Assess External Validity

Evaluation Review
Laura C Leviton, Mathew D Trujillo

Abstract

Variations in local context bedevil the assessment of external validity: the ability to generalize about effects of treatments. For evaluation, the challenges of assessing external validity are intimately tied to the translation and spread of evidence-based interventions. This makes external validity a question for decision makers, who need to determine whether to endorse, fund, or adopt interventions that were found to be effective and how to ensure high quality once they spread. To present the rationale for using theory to assess external validity and the value of more systematic interaction of theory and practice. We review advances in external validity, program theory, practitioner expertise, and local adaptation. Examples are provided for program theory, its adaptation to diverse contexts, and generalizing to contexts that have not yet been studied. The often critical role of practitioner experience is illustrated in these examples. Work is described that the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation is supporting to study treatment variation and context more systematically. Researchers and developers generally see a limited range of contexts in which the intervention is implemented. Individual practitioners see a different and often...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 14, 2017·Evaluation Review·T'Pring R Westbrook
Jan 24, 2019·The Journal of Primary Prevention·Laura G HillLouise A Parker
May 29, 2020·BMC Medical Research Methodology·Henna HassonUlrica von Thiele Schwarz
Apr 14, 2017·Translational Behavioral Medicine·Jennifer LeemanTara L Queen
Sep 21, 2018·Evaluation Review·Jacob Alex Klerman
Oct 16, 2020·Prevention Science : the Official Journal of the Society for Prevention Research·Gráinne HickeyMichael Donnelly
Aug 14, 2021·BMC Health Services Research·Mark TolesJennifer Leeman

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