Interactions between Euphorbia esula toxins and bovine ruminal microbes

Journal of Chemical Ecology
S KronbergPaul J Weimer

Abstract

Cattle generally avoid grazing leafy spurge (LS; Euphorbia esula), whereas sheep and goats will often eat it. Understanding metabolism of toxic phytochemicals in LS by bovine rumen microflora may help explain why cattle often develop aversions to LS after initially eating it. Toxicity of LS compounds after in vitro fermentation with normal vs. antibiotic-modified bovine rumen digesta was evaluated at different lengths of fermentation. Levels of toxic and aversion-inducing ingenols were determined for fermented and nonfermented mixtures of LS and bovine rumen digesta, and the toxicity of an aversion-inducing extract of LS to rumen microbial species that are common in cattle, sheep, and goats was evaluated. Fermentation of LS with bovine digesta increased the toxicity of extracted compounds. Introduction of neomycin (an antibiotic that preferentially inhibits gram-negative bacteria) into the LS and bovine rumen digesta mixtures did not appear to affect toxicities regardless of fermentation length. Levels of ingenol were observed in LS and bovine digesta mixtures (both fermented and nonfermented) that were consistent with levels of ingenols reported for LS. Finally, a toxic extract of LS had little or no negative effect on the gro...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Apr 27, 2011·Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture·Richard C WatermanShanna L Lodge-Ivey
Oct 24, 2020·Toxins·Zhi Hung LohMary T Fletcher
Jul 31, 2020·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Russell J GordonMary T Fletcher

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