Interactions between the direct and indirect effects of predators determine life history evolution in a killifish

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Matthew Walsh, David N Reznick

Abstract

The ecological impacts of the indirect effects of predators are well established, but the evolutionary consequences are unknown. Predators often decrease prey density, which indirectly increases the resources available to surviving prey. This ecological effect could provide a link to evolution because it is generally assumed that resource availability influences life history evolution. Yet, predictions from theory that consider food availability are inconsistent, and evidence for an important role of resources in shaping life history evolution is absent. We compared life history traits in a Trinidadian killifish, Rivulus hartii, from fish communities that differ in predation intensity; predators are associated with lower population density and faster growth rates. To determine whether the indirect effects of predators influence evolutionary change, we reared second-generation-born fish under two food levels that approximated natural differences in resources between communities. Rivulus from sites with predators are younger and smaller at maturity. They have increased reproductive investment and produce many small eggs and smaller hatchlings. Such divergence is predicted as a direct effect of predation. We also found significant...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 10, 2009·Oecologia·Ann E McKellarAndrew P Hendry
Jan 29, 2011·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Matthew R Walsh, David M Post
Mar 27, 2010·Conservation Biology : the Journal of the Society for Conservation Biology·Matthew E WolakRandolph M Chambers
Apr 19, 2016·Ecology and Evolution·Andrew W Jones, David M Post
Sep 5, 2012·Trends in Ecology & Evolution·Matthew R Walsh
Aug 21, 2015·Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution·Tetsumi Takahashi, Edmundo Moreno
Aug 1, 2009·Evolutionary Applications·Erin S DunlopMikko Heino
Aug 1, 2009·Evolutionary Applications·David O Conover, Hannes Baumann
Jun 22, 2013·Evolutionary Applications·Asta AudzijonyteElizabeth A Fulton
Sep 24, 2010·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·Ronald D BassarDavid N Reznick
Apr 11, 2012·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Andrew I FurnessDavid N Reznick
Nov 11, 2010·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Matthew R Walsh, David N Reznick
Dec 18, 2009·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Matthew R Walsh, David N Reznick
Aug 7, 2009·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Matthew R Walsh, David N Reznick
Sep 18, 2015·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Francesca FiegnaTimothy G Barraclough
Jul 15, 2016·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Matthew R WalshStephan B Munch
Aug 23, 2016·Ecology and Evolution·Milan Vrtílek, Martin Reichard
Oct 30, 2016·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Ronald D BassarDavid N Reznick
Feb 3, 2018·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Kieran SamukDiana J Rennision
May 20, 2020·Science Advances·Qiang OuGeorg Mayer
Jun 3, 2017·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Shannon M BestonMatthew R Walsh
Jun 18, 2020·Evolution Letters·Matthew A BarbourJordi Bascompte
Oct 1, 2016·Current Zoology·Christopher E Oufiero, Katrina R Whitlow
Aug 1, 2020·Scientific Reports·Martin J HamelMark A Pegg
Dec 26, 2019·PeerJ·Mukta WatveBarbara Taborsky
Nov 17, 2020·The Journal of Animal Ecology·Jennifer K HellmannAlison M Bell
Dec 9, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·J Alex LandyMatthew R Walsh
Jan 30, 2021·Ecology Letters·Alix Bouffet-HalleEric Edeline

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