Interconceptional antibiotics to prevent spontaneous preterm birth: a randomized clinical trial

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
William W AndrewsMichael Conner

Abstract

We hypothesized that upper genital tract microbial infection associated with spontaneous preterm birth may precede conception. Our objective was to estimate if antibiotic administration during the interpregnancy interval in nonpregnant women with a previous preterm birth before 34 weeks' gestational age would reduce the rate of spontaneous preterm birth in the subsequent pregnancy. Women with a spontaneous preterm birth < 34 weeks' gestational age were randomized at 4 months' postpartum to receive oral azithromycin 1 g twice (4 days apart) plus sustained-release metronidazole 750 mg daily for 7 days, or identical-appearing placebos. This regimen was repeated every 4 months until the subsequent pregnancy. A total of 241 women were randomized; 124 conceived a subsequent pregnancy and were available for study, including 59 in the antibiotic group and 65 in the placebo group. In the antibiotic versus placebo group, neither subsequent spontaneous preterm birth (< 37 weeks: 52% vs 46%, P = .568; < 35 weeks: 40% vs 30%, P = .276; < 32 weeks: 31% vs 23%, P = .376) nor miscarriage (< 15 weeks: 12% vs 14%, P = .742) was significantly different. Although not statistically significant, mean delivery gestational age in the subsequent pregna...Continue Reading

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