Internal translation initiation from HIV-1 transcripts is conferred by a common RNA structure

Translation
Terra-Dawn M PlankJ S Kieft

Abstract

Alternative splicing of the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) RNA transcripts produces mRNAs encoding nine different viral proteins. The leader of each contains a common non-coding exon at the 5' end. Previous studies showed that the leaders from the common exon-containing transcripts gag, nef, vif, vpr and vpu can direct protein synthesis through internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) with varying efficiencies. Here we explored whether the common exon acts as an IRES element in the context of all the 5' leaders or if each harbors a distinct IRES. We also explored the relationship between the IRESs and initiation codon selection. We find that the common exon adopts a similar conformation in every leader we explored and that the sequence and structure is required for IRES activity. We also find that each leader uses a scanning mechanism for start codon identification. Together, our data point to a model in which the common exon on HIV-1 transcripts acts as the ribosome landing pad, recruiting preinitiation complexes upstream of the initiation codon, followed by scanning to each transcript's initiator AUG.

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Citations

Jul 30, 2014·Virus Research·Samantha BuruguAnne Gatignol
Jun 24, 2014·Virus Research·William A CantaraKarin Musier Forsyth
Apr 15, 2017·Biochemical Society Transactions·Laura Hidalgo, Chad M Swanson
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Dec 2, 2017·Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. RNA·Justine Mailliot, Franck Martin
Jan 2, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Sylvain de Breyne, Théophile Ohlmann
Oct 4, 2020·Viruses·Patricia S BoydSaif Yasin
May 26, 2020·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Gene Regulatory Mechanisms·Aldo BarreraMarcelo López-Lastra

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
in
in vitro transcription
electrophoresis

Software Mentioned

QuSHAPE

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