Internalization of titanium dioxide nanoparticles by glial cells is given at short times and is mainly mediated by actin reorganization-dependent endocytosis

Neurotoxicology
Elizabeth Huerta-GarcíaRebeca López-Marure

Abstract

Many nanoparticles (NPs) have toxic effects on multiple cell lines. This toxicity is assumed to be related to their accumulation within cells. However, the process of internalization of NPs has not yet been fully characterized. In this study, the cellular uptake, accumulation, and localization of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) in rat (C6) and human (U373) glial cells were analyzed using time-lapse microscopy (TLM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Cytochalasin D (Cyt-D) was used to evaluate whether the internalization process depends of actin reorganization. To determine whether the NP uptake is mediated by phagocytosis or macropinocytosis, nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction was measured and the 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)-amiloride was used. Expression of proteins involved with endocytosis and exocytosis such as caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and cysteine string proteins (CSPs) was also determined using flow cytometry. TiO2 NPs were taken up by both cell types, were bound to cellular membranes and were internalized at very short times after exposure (C6, 30 min; U373, 2h). During the uptake process, the formation of pseudopodia and intracellular vesicles was observed, indicating that this process was mediated by endocy...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 25, 2016·Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology·Bin SongLongQuan Shao
Aug 8, 2018·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Elizabeth Huerta-GarcíaRebeca López-Marure
Jan 21, 2018·Journal of Materials Chemistry. B, Materials for Biology and Medicine·Natália VilaçaIsabel C Neves
Feb 7, 2021·Materials Science & Engineering. C, Materials for Biological Applications·Natália VilaçaIsabel C Neves
Aug 28, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Natalia Fernández-BertólezVanessa Valdiglesias

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