International linkage of two food-borne hepatitis A clusters through traceback of mussels, the Netherlands, 2012

Euro Surveillance : Bulletin Européen Sur Les Maladies Transmissibles = European Communicable Disease Bulletin
I BoxmanM Koopmans

Abstract

This report describes an outbreak investigation starting with two closely related suspected food-borne clusters of Dutch hepatitis A cases, nine primary cases in total, with an unknown source in the Netherlands. The hepatitis A virus (HAV) genotype IA sequences of both clusters were highly similar (459/460 nt) and were not reported earlier. Food questionnaires and a case-control study revealed an association with consumption of mussels. Analysis of mussel supply chains identified the most likely production area. International enquiries led to identification of a cluster of patients near this production area with identical HAV sequences with onsets predating the first Dutch cluster of cases. The most likely source for this cluster was a case who returned from an endemic area in Central America, and a subsequent household cluster from which treated domestic sewage was discharged into the suspected mussel production area. Notably, mussels from this area were also consumed by a separate case in the United Kingdom sharing an identical strain with the second Dutch cluster. In conclusion, a small number of patients in a non-endemic area led to geographically dispersed hepatitis A outbreaks with food as vehicle. This link would have go...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

May 12, 2016·Food and Environmental Virology·Takayuki MiuraFrançoise S Le Guyader
Jun 26, 2018·Journal of Food Protection·Min LiArie H Havelaar
May 30, 2020·Journal of Applied Microbiology·Walter Randazzo, Gloria Sánchez
Sep 11, 2016·Food and Environmental Virology·Cécile Le MennecS Françoise Le Guyader
Apr 30, 2017·Food and Environmental Virology·Elisabetta SuffrediniDario De Medici
May 1, 2018·Frontiers in Microbiology·David PoloFrançoise S Le Guyader
Jan 6, 2017·Food and Environmental Virology·Giovanna FuscoMaria Grazia Amoroso
Nov 7, 2019·Food and Environmental Virology·Maria Grazia AmorosoGiovanna Fusco
May 8, 2018·Food and Environmental Virology·Madelief MollersMargreet J M Te Wierik
Jan 30, 2021·Frontiers in Microbiology·Cristina FuentesAlbert Bosch
Mar 23, 2020·International Journal of Food Microbiology·Sofia StrubbiaFrançoise S Le Guyader
Mar 6, 2021·Euro Surveillance : Bulletin Européen Sur Les Maladies Transmissibles = European Communicable Disease Bulletin·Maximilian RiessJosefine Lundberg Ederth
Mar 5, 2021·International Journal of Food Microbiology·René A M DirksIngeborg L A Boxman
Dec 2, 2020·International Journal of Food Microbiology·Guadalupe Di ColaViviana E Ré

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